Traveltime inversion has been used in this study in order to obtain a velocity model. This velocity model has been used in a depth migration algorithm afterwards.To achieve this purpose three main steps are as follows: picking phases, forward modeling, inverse modeling and finally using an appropriate depth migration algorithm to apply to the data.

Progressive collapse studies generally assess the performance of the structure under gravity and blast loads, while earthquakes may also lead to the progressive collapse of a damaged structure. In this study, the progressive collapse response of concentrically braced dual systems with steel moment-resisting frames was assessed under seismic loads through pushover analysis using triangular and uniform lateral load patterns. Two different bracing types (X and inverted V braces) were considered, and their performances were compared under different lateral load patterns using the nonlinear static alternate path method recommended in the Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) guideline. Eventually, the seismic progressive collapse resistance of models was compared to their progressive collapse response under gravity loads. These studies showed that models under the seismic progressive collapse loads satisfied UFC acceptance criteria and limited rehabilitation objective. The structures had better performance under seismic progressive collapse than models under gravity loads because of more resistance, ductility, suitable load redistribution, and more structural elements that participated in load redistribution. Furthermore, despite studies on progressive collapse under gravity loads, the dual system with X braces showed better progressive collapse performance (more resistance, residual reserve strength ratio and ductility) under seismic loads than the model with inverted V braces.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate and structureral analyzes of Sirri oil field by subsurface geophysical data. In order to Seismic interpretation from 3 seismic lines (LL3, LL4 and LL5) picked up by Iranian Offshore Oil Company and SIC-1 well Data was used. In addition to interpreting the geological horizons and understanding the stratigraphic-structural evolution of the region they have also been used. The study area is located in the south of Iran and in the Persian Gulf. In this study, the geological analysis of the area has been studied by two-dimensional seismic surveying method and petrophysical images (up to Darian Formation) and Petrel software. The results show that the rising of the salt dome related to the Hormuz series has affected the overlying Formations in these field, and has created a dome shaped state for most of the Formations. Rising of the salt and folding of the sediments eventually resulted in faulting of the sediments. During the study and measurement of the angle between the edges, it was found that 15. 2% of the folds are open and 84. 8% are of the soft folds.

Six male sterile with four male fertile sorghum, Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench, lines were crossed in a factorial mating design in 1998. Twenty four F1 hybrids and ten parental lines were planted in a randomized complete block design in three replications, at Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran in 1999. Two cuttings forage were harvested from all genotypes (F12 and parents). Four traits including plant height, tiller no., green yield and dry matter were measured. There were significant differences among genotypes, cuttings and genotype X cutting interaction for all traits at 1% level of probability. Analysis of variance showed that, there are significant effects of genotypes, parent, parent vs. crosses (except for tiller no. at average of cuttings), lines (for plant height in 2nd cut and mean), testers and line tester interaction. There were differnces among lines and testers GCA which shows the importance of additive effects of genes for this traits, therefore, the selection methods can be used for breeding programmes. Heretiability of some traits were different in first, second and average of cuttings. Therefore, in each cutting, the heretiability should be considered in multi cutting sorghum lines. Significant differences were observed among SCA of some parents which shows the importance of dominance effects of genes for majority of traits in hybrids. Hence the hybridization method can be used for breeding programmes. The highest positive SVA was obtained for green fodder from crossing of A__ICS 84 × R__2 , A__ICS88005× R__1, A__ICS31×R__28 & A__1×R__112, and for dry matter from crossing of A__ICS88005×R__1, A__ICS__31×R__28, A__2×R__112, A__ISC84×R__112& A__ICS31× R__2 at average of two cutting. The highest yield of two cuttings was obtained for green fodder from crossing of A__ICS84×R__2 and for dry matter from crossing of A__ICS31×R__2 with 144.8 and 34.5 tha^-1 , respecticely.

In this paper, the results of study on seismic isolated buildings and effects of seismic gaps between such buildings and adjacent buildings during earthquake have been presented. The importance of this study can be explained as, the results can be used to evaluate the effects of seismic gap between structures which are subject to earthquake. Statistic information has been obtained by analyzing buildings with three, five and seven stories that were subjected to 20 earthquake records. Gaps among buildings changed based on characteristic of them with base isolation system; it can give us a better point. Each of structures was analyzed under the selected records and it was investigated effect of impact between them during earthquake on seismic demands. In addition for studying effects of pounding on seismic demand in structures with base isolated system, 540 nonlinear time history analysis was performed. At the end we suggested a simple and effective equation that can reduce effects of pounding on adjacent buildings.

Increasing number of seismically isolated structures mostly in seismic-prone regions of the world has raised a concern on seismic performance of these structures in severe earthquake ground motions. On one hand, base-isolated buildings should have a clear certain gap with adjacent structures to avoid pounding; otherwise developed seismic force and displacement demands during impact with neighboring buildings or surrounding moat walls may be far beyond the capacity of the superstructure. In this case, the advantage of using base-isolation technology over traditional seismic design may be totally lost. On the other hand, considering the high cost of lands and other urban limitations do not allow for large seismic gaps to completely eliminate the risk of pounding. Moreover, isolation hardwares should remain stable under vertical loads at their maximum horizontal displacement demand under maximum considered earthquake motion. This results in expensive isolation devices that may prevent the use of isolation technology for a wide range of residential constructions. Additionally, the structural performance level of base-isolated buildings has a sharp change from immediate occupancy for moderate seismic hazard levels to collapse prevention for the large ones. Consequently, structural elements of the superstructure usually do not experience damage-control performance levels. Aforementioned performance objectives may not be compliant with the performance goals considered for residential buildings with normal importance. This study aims to evaluate seismic performance of base-isolated buildings with insufficient seismic gaps that do not conform to minimum codified gap requirements. A wide range of isolated and fixed-base elastic superstructures has been subjected to analytical near field pulse-type motions to evaluate seismic demands in the superstructure during impact with retaining walls. Different values for stiffness of moat walls has been considered with a stereomechanical impact model. The results of the parametric study show that the developed seismic demands in the superstructure depends on the pulse duration, gap size and the ratio of the isolated period to the fixed-base period as well as the moat wall stiffness. As a conclusion, this study shows that by using available gap sizes and utilizing lower cost isolation devices with a smaller displacement capacity compared with the current code-based design requirements, a more economical performance-based seismic design for base-isolated structures is achievable adopting a more gradual transition from immediate occupancy performance level to the collapse prevention one.